Disaster recovery plan Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Debacle recuperation plan - Term Paper Example In such manner, Cisco includes in presenting alongside executing spearheading advancements just as projects to convey quality items to its gigantic figure of client base and furthermore to fabricate a solid network around the world (Cisco Systems, Inc., 2013). Theory Statement The paper means to audit the current system engineering of Cisco Systems, Inc and propose organize design of an other processing office comparable to the event of a calamity. In this manner, a debacle recuperation plan strategy will be formed which will mull over angles, for example, calamity assertion, evaluation of security and catastrophe recuperation methods among others. As far as market size, the matter of Cisco is partitioned into different portions that incorporate the United States, Canada, Asia Pacific locale, European market and Japan as alongside other rising business markets. With respect to decide the format just as the hierarchical structure of Cisco, it has been clearly seen that the association utilizes almost 72,400 representatives around the world. The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the association named John Chambers has planned a top-down authoritative structure isolating into four principle parts for example ... rganization is confronting sure challenges identifying with its system engineering attributable to the reasons of complex business condition and picking up energy of extraordinary business showcase rivalry. The current system design of Cisco can be perceived bringing more noteworthy worth particularly up in the administration area giving crisis administrations at the hour of happening such a debacle like seismic tremor and fire among others. Cisco presented just as built up a Network Management Reference Architecture (NMRA) to help the clients in understanding just as tending to the operational needs worried on individuals, procedure and innovation. At present, the procedure of the association identifying with the previously mentioned arrange engineering is building up an inventive mechanical vision which is lined up with the business prerequisites to conform to the customer base necessities by a more prominent level. The aforementioned arrange design which follows by Cisco can be be tter clarified with the assistance of the accompanying pictorial delineation. Source: (Cisco Systems, Inc., 2013) Proposed Network Architecture of an Alternate Computing Facility in the Event of a Disaster For building up an other figuring office, CISCO needs to stay a lot of center after fortifying its current hierarchical structure. Moreover, the authoritative system structure of the association is likewise required to be normalized so as to help the clients for understanding the innovations just as the contribution offices right now of the event of any debacle. It merits referencing that at this current period of modernized world, the worldwide business lifecycle inconceivably relies on data and correspondence innovation (ICT) by a more noteworthy level. The underlying targets of the IT organize debacle

Death Penalty Essay Example for Free

Capital punishment Essay Capital punishment has been a natural piece of human culture and its legitimate framework for a considerable length of time, viewed as a vital obstruction to risky wrongdoings and an approach to free the network from hazardous crooks. Be that as it may, later on this sort of discipline came to be viewed as a wrongdoing against humanistic standards by many, and its legitimacy in the lawful framework has been addressed. As of recently, the discussion seethes on. However, I’m here to disclose to you that capital punishment is the proper activity !! Foundation: The primary built up capital punishment laws date as far back as the Eighteenth Century B.  C. E. in the Code of King Hammurabi of Babylon, which classified capital punishment for 25 unique wrongdoings. Capital punishment was additionally part of the Fourteenth Century B. C. E. s Hittite Code; in the Seventh Century B. C. s Draconian Code of Athens, which made demise the main discipline for all wrongdoings; and in the Fifth Century B. C. s Roman law of the Twelve Tablets. Capital punishments were completed by such methods as execution, suffocating, pounding the life out of, consuming alive, and impalement. In the Tenth Century A. D. , hanging turned into the typical technique for execution in Britain. In the next century, William the Conqueror would not permit people to be hanged or in any case executed for any wrongdoing, aside from in the midst of war. This pattern would not last, for in the Sixteenth Century, under the rule of Henry VIII, upwards of 72,000 individuals are evaluated to have been executed. Some basic strategies for execution around then were bubbling, consuming at the stake, hanging, decapitating, and drawing and quartering. Executions were done for such capital offenses as wedding a Jew, not admitting to a wrongdoing, and treachery. The quantity of capital wrongdoings in Britain kept on ascending all through the following two centuries. By the 1700s, 222 wrongdoings were deserving of death in Britain, including taking, chopping down a tree, and looting a hare warren. As a result of the seriousness of capital punishment, numerous juries would not convict litigants if the offense was not genuine. This lead to changes of Britains capital punishment. From 1823 to 1837, capital punishment was killed for more than 100 of the 222 wrongdoings deserving of death. What's more, in America more than 38 states utilize capital punishment. Presently that reveals to me that practically half of the United States utilizes he capital punishment and even john Haynes from the book â€Å"the passing penalty† even concurs with me..!!! Mistakesâ now let’s proceed onward to botches , as we as a whole know in those days a few a very long time prior we didn’t have the innovation that we do have now. Be that as it may, stand by since we have the world’s most astute individuals, well probably a few. They can guarantee you that we will give right D. N. A. answers!!! What's more, if I somehow managed to give you a level of what number of we have gotten right I would state 100%. Cost of death versus life in jail: So for the situation for cash which is better, I would state that capital punishment is significantly preferable and it’s less expensive over keeping the detainee there and experiencing many preliminaries after preliminary, I mean this could continue for quite a long time and even up to months!!! Capital punishment cost the administration 1. 5 million-5. 1 million dollars. The expense of keeping the detainee $22,218 to 50,000 every year ! All in all I realize that capital punishment may cost all the more however would we truly like to have our citizen’s life in harm's way, I know I don’t. Any thought of the crime percentage dropping would get feasible if the crime percentage in any event for murders goes forcefully down. At present, in any case, the death penalty fills in as a significant hindrance in transit of hoodlums prepared to take another people life.

Useful Tips For Buying Research Papers

Useful Tips For Buying Research PapersAs you become a researcher, buying research papers can be an investment in your future. This is not a product you want to spend on frivolity. There are important matters and concepts that research papers cover, and you want to be sure they are taken seriously.One of the reasons you buy research papers is that it shows that you are interested in the topic. Some students go for papers that are easy to read, and many can't afford a professor to spend time working with them on such issues. In order to get a professor's attention, it is vital to show that you are serious about the topic.Before you start buying research papers, you need to find a reputable source. The research should be done by someone who is an expert in the subject matter. It is wise to visit libraries or bookstores to see what types of journals offer articles related to the research topic.These books will allow you to learn a great deal more about the topics that are being studied i n your class. It may seem unimportant at first, but if the topic is important, then it is very important to study the issues. Otherwise, you will be doing the same research as everyone else without putting in any effort.When you want to write an academic paper, it is important to follow the guidelines outlined in the guidebooks. These guides can help you make sure you understand the required research. It is important to understand how to go about studying and making the most of your time and money.If you want to prepare yourself for what is expected of you in a seminar or your own research paper, then you should learn about the nature of the questions. You can use the guidebooks as a way to make sure you are ready for the subject matter. Although some students think that only specialists will take the time to read such issues, it is important to get help in any class.Your instructor should be able to give you lots of information regarding how other past students have tackled the top ic, and what difficulties they encountered. It is helpful to know what kind of material people find easiest to handle. It may be that you will be taking a part-time course that requires you to read a lot, but it may also be something that requires you to learn the material within a week.Buying research papers is something that needs to be done when you are in school. You will want to pay attention to the requirements that are required of your class, and be able to understand and go about understanding the level of difficulty in the reading assignments. It is good to know that you have the ability to handle your work and to help your classmates as well.

Domestic Surveillance And Coalition With The Nsa - 769 Words

Domestic Surveillance in Coalition with the NSA Rand Paul, of the Wall Street Journal states, â€Å"How many records did the NSA seize from Verizon† (Paul)? Verizon is an enormous phone company that covers more than 308 million people. All of the phone information secured in the Verizon Company, is now being monitored and viewed by the US Government, which was initially kept secret from the people, under code name PRISM (Greenwald). The information under this code name was then leaked by a former NSA worker. Unfortunately, just like the book Big Brother’s Watching, it is the U.S Government that is conducting domestic surveillance on Verizon. Companies like Verizon, can’t simply shut off the eyes the government and they also cannot protect their users, now violated, Fourth Amendment rights. The use of domestic surveillance by the American government must not be implemented, in order to prevent the violation of American’s Fourth Amendment right, to ensure privacy for the American people, and due to Americ an’s distrustful views toward domestic surveillance and the NSA. The U.S government should not monitor its people, and should not violate their rights to privacy. The National Security Association (NSA) monitors the communications without warrant or viable cause, except for the threat of terrorist attacks. Allowing the U.S. Government to monitor its people violates their Fourth Amendment right to privacy. Not only is monitoring a violation of right, but the NSA is also keepingShow MoreRelatedSurveillance Of U.s. Citizens2879 Words   |  12 Pagesgovernment you received yesterday? Wake up people. Surveillance of U.S. Citizens is real. The NSA is videotaping, tapping the phone lines and watching us watching them. That feeling an individual undergoes is not just paranoia. It is the third sense presently telling U.S.A to wake up because someone is always watching. According to the NSA website NSA stands for National Security Agency, â€Å"home to America s codemakers and codebreakers.† NSA is an intelligence organization created by the U.SRead MoreThe Security And Foreign Policy1302 Words   |  6 Pagescommunity, there are six primary theories of intelligence. Governance describes a form of intelligence that takes place as a result of a critical incident such as terrorism. Government tends to achieve a more secured state through increased security, surveillance, and information gathering (Gill, 2007). Process intelligence refers to the seven step process that is the intelligence cycle. It can be a tool for identifying intelligence failures by actually looking at failures in the process. The intelligenceRead MorePre-Columbian Period9302 Words   |  38 Pagesvictories. Ronald Reagan at the Brandenburg Gate challenges Gorbachev to tear down the Berlin Wall in 1987, shortly before the end of the Cold WarRonald Reagan produced a major realignment with his 1980 and 1984 landslides. In 1980, the Reagan coalition was possible because of Democratic losses in most social-economic groups. Reagan Democrats were those who usually voted Democratic, but were attracted by Reagans policies, personality and leadership, notably his social conservatism and hawkishRead MoreNational Security Outline Essay40741 Words   |  163 Pagesto have the same capabilities as potential threats or should we pursue superior capabilities -US leaders have varied greatly on how much is enough -Domestic strength -Important goal is to seek political cohesion, economic vitality, and good educational policies at home because it will help country to prevail during war (increases domestic support and morale) -Economic vitality and educational strength also provide resources to implement national security, help develop weapons to compete with

The Increasing Adoption Of Digital Technologies Essay

Discuss the increasing adoption of digital technologies in the provision of legal services with specific emphasis: a) Any Ethical responsibility for lawyers to ensure competence in their use; and b) Issues of client confidentiality arising out of their use Technology has been changing the way we live our lives in pretty much every way imaginable. The common belief in the past was that only manual work would be greatly affected by the rise of technology. However, service professions such as the legal profession, has certainly seen a change as well. There are discussions what this will mean in the future and whether it will go beyond the current role, which is acting more as an aid to lawyers. If that is so it could potentially change the current legal framework and question the role of lawyers themselves. There are also issues relating more to the protection of clients through data protection, confidentiality and accountability to look out for. This essay will focus on three main points. Firstly, discuss the overall impact of technology on the legal professions, while discussing the perceived threat of this. Secondly, exploring the lawyer’s responsibility to offer quality and proper service and relating to accountability of these new technology aids. Lastly, it will discuss issues relating to confidentiality and the overall role of the lawyer to ensure this while balancing out the cost reducing and more efficient technologies. Technology has already had a major impact onShow MoreRelatedKodak Vs. Digital Photography825 Words   |  4 Pageshave become the leader in consumer digital photography if they had followed the actions described below. Kodak’s top management and its internal research team had anticipated the threat from the digital photography to their film photography business way back in 1980s. In fact, Kodak introduced the world’s first electronic image sensor, which is the most crucial component of the digital photography. They also had developed numerous patented technologies in digital photography by 1989, many of whichRead MorePersonal Health Records ( Phrs )785 Words   |  4 Pagestheir records between different healthcare organizations or organize and manage records generated by different health organizations into a single system. Additionally, in this era of rising cost of healthcare provision, decreasing labour force and increasing population of seniors – people aged 65 and above, who are the major consumers of healthcare services occupying 80% of hospital beds, a need to re-strategize the delivery of health care services has arisen. The PHR presents the opportunity for stake holdersRead MoreCommunication in Global Business1118 Words   |  5 Pagesusing computers are dramatically increasing. The influence of technology will go beyond new equipment and faster communications, as work and skills will be redefined and reorganized. This will lead to paperless and people less offices. Companies understand the need to respond and adapt to the evolving use of technology by their customers, stakeholders and suppliers. Technology adoption typically occurs in an S-curve with exponential growth of technology adoption from ‘early adopters’. Not onlyRead MoreEssay On Bitcoins956 Words   |  4 Pagesmake a lot of money only if you choose the right digital currencies to invest in. If you don’t make your decisions wisely, you might end up losing your money. With the increasing adoption of digital currencies, which cryptocurrency looks very promising in 2018 and beyond? Discussed in the article are the top 6 most promising cryptocurrencies to buy in 2018 and beyond. The future of digital currencies looks bright as it can be seen by the increasing popularity and acceptance. Most people only knowRead MoreDigital Payment Is A Way Of Payment1457 Words   |  6 PagesDigital Payments Digital payment is a way of payment where the, payer and payee both use electronic modes to send and receive money. The transactions in digital payments can be completed using cards, mobile or internet based setups. It is an instant and convenient way to make payments. Several macroeconomic factors indicate that the basic ingredients for successful creation of a digital ecosystem are rapidly falling in place, far exceeding the supply side capabilities that support the Indian government’sRead MoreWhat Has Caused the Increased Use of Digital Technology over the Last 2 Decades and What Effects Has This Had on How Communication Occurs?912 Words   |  4 PagesOver the last two decades, digital technology has become an essential part of people’s daily life and has caused an enormous influence on how the communication occurs. According to the research of the International Telecommunication Union(ITU), there were only 500 million mobile users in the 2000,but ten years later in the 2010,this number reached 4.6 billion(2010).Digital technology is a base two process, because the digitized information is recorded in binary code which is the combination of theRead MoreIntellectual Property And Computing Technology1207 Words   |  5 PagesIntel lectual Property through the development of computing technology Intellectual Property refers to any original creative work manifested in a substantial form that can be protected. When an intellectual property right is mentioned, it refers to controlling the manner in which intellectual property is used, distributed or accessed. The intellectual property right is enforced by the World Intellectual Property Organization which is an organ of the United Nations. The organization holds that intellectualRead MoreThe Role Of Accounting And Possible Future Of Accountancy Profession992 Words   |  4 Pagesby technology (Chartered Accountants Australia and New Zealand, 2015). Conversely, others believe that this career will still exist; however, the role of accountants will be altered along with the changing in the business environment (Towers, 2015). This report will present the crucial factors impacting the traditional approach of professional accounting and possible future of accountancy. Factors Disrupting Accounting Profession in the Future ââ€"  The development of technology AdvancedRead MoreApplication of a Differentiation Strategy in an Organization1092 Words   |  4 PagesTechnology Strategic Analysis Porter defines cost leadership, differentiation and focus, as the basic business strategies for an organization to gain competitive advantages. An effective competitive strategy should be based on the organization’s goals and objectives as well as the market situation (Allen Helms, 2006). Hotel ICON is an independent teaching hotel focusing on creative and innovative design and services. As the slogan ‘Unlike Any Other’ illustrates, Hotel ICON strives to create a uniqueRead MoreElectronic Health Records : A Digital Version Of A Patient s Paper Chart899 Words   |  4 PagesThe electronic health record, also known as EHR, is a digital version of a patient’s paper chart. This kind of record makes information available instantly and securely to all authorized users. While an EHR contains medical and treatment history of patients, Electronic health record system is built to go beyond the standard clinical data that is collected in a provider’s office. Electronic health records contain medial history, diagnoses, immunization dates, medications, allergy, treatment plans

The Death Penalty Is Not A Deterrent - 951 Words

Crying Over Spilled Milk The death penalty is a lot like the statement â€Å"crying over spilled milk† in the sense that it is pointless and makes no real difference with regards to the situation. The death penalty was created as a punishment for crimes committed, but even from the beginning crime was still a problem and the punishment was not a deterrent. The history concerning the death penalty is extensive and can be found documented all the way back to Ancient Babylon in 18th Century BC (Reggio). It was used as punishment for a variety of crimes varying from place to place and was, in some instances, used as the punishment for all crimes. In every one of the places and time spans where the death penalty was implemented crime was still present. Criminals were not deterred by the threat of death even then and today is no different. If someone wants to commit a crime badly enough, not even death can change their mind. The death penalty has evolved dramatically since it was fi rst created. When it began the death penalty was not executed in such a sterile and humane way. Criminals were paraded in front of the public, forced to commit suicide, crucified, impaled, buried alive, drowned at sea, hanged or beheaded (Reggio). Their deaths were not closed to the public but were in fact a spectacle that people would travel far distances to be present for. Though crime was still a problem during ancient times, violent crimes were remarkably less than in today’s society. As centuriesShow MoreRelatedIs the Death Penalty an Effective Deterrent?1677 Words   |  7 PagesIs the Death Penalty an Effective Deterrent? Annotated Bibliography PS 223 Forensic Psychology I Research Question: Is the Death Penalty an Effective Deterrent? Honeyman, J. C., Ogloff, J. P. (1996). Capital punishment: Arguments for life and death. Canadian Journal Of Behavioural Science/Revue Canadienne Des Sciences Du Comportement, 28(1), 27-35. The main purpose of this article was to investigate the effects of the death penalty and theRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is An Effective Deterrent1359 Words   |  6 PagesOn the other hand, the anti-death penalty arguments claim that the death penalty is oppressive toward lower class and people of color, wasting the limited resources, and it often hurt innocent people. American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) stated that the death penalty is not an effective deterrent because it is not applied consistently, as there is only a small fraction of first-degree murders who received death sentence, and even then they do not represent the worst cases of murders. Most of theRead MoreIs The Death Penalty A Crime Deterrent?2871 Words   |  12 PagesIS THE DEATH PENALTY A CRIME DETERRENT? 13 Is the Death Penalty A Crime Deterrent? Research Proposal Submitted by Pierrechrist Ekue-Hettah GPA 8070, Hamline University Anita Larson, Instructor 20, April 2016 Abstract The death penalty has been one of the most debatable and contentious issues facing the American public for many years. This paper proposes a study that analyzes the theory which holds that the death penalty will prevent people from committing heinous crimes. Two hypothesesRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Not And Never Will Be Deterrent1111 Words   |  5 Pagesindividuals when the guilty are rarely found guilty and sentenced to death. This, however, leads to a situation where innocent individual without enough financial resources are at a much higher risk of getting the death penalty while the guilty rich individuals with good lawyers easily avoid it. It would be easier to eliminate the ultimate penalty and incarcerate the guilty for life. The cost of incarceration is less than it is for death penalty appeals drawn out not for years but for decades. The criminalRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Truly A Crime Deterrent1975 Words   |  8 PagesAbstract The death penalty has been one of the most debatable and contentious issues facing the American public for many years. This paper proposes a study that analyzes the theory which holds that the death penalty will prevent people from committing heinous crimes. Two hypotheses oversee this study: 1) States that have a death penalty law will have lower rates of crimes punishable by death than states without death penalty laws, and 2) States that have the most executions will have fewer crimesRead MoreThe Death Penalty is NOT an Effective Deterrent Essay2050 Words   |  9 Pages The issue of the death penalty has been of great concern and debate for a number of years now. Prior to 1976, the death penalty was banned in the United States. In 1976, though, the ban was lifted, and many states adopted the death penalty in their constitutions. Currently, there are 38 states that use the death penalty, and only 12 states that do not. The states that have the death penalty use a number of ways to go about executing the defendant. Thirty-two states use lethal injection, 10 useRead More The Death Penalty is a Necessary Deterrent to Crime Essay1712 Words   |  7 PagesThe Death Penalty is a Necessary Deterrent to Crime    Murder and rape are serious crimes, although they arent the only crimes that could be considered serious. Others that might be considered are stealing, which has numerous categories under it such as grand theft auto, etc†¦ The following story is the true account of a young female named Donna. This story tells of Donnas rape and then her murder by a man named McCorquodale and his friend Leroy. The author is telling this story in order to createRead MoreIs the Death Penalty a Deterrent of Heinous Crimes to Society?981 Words   |  4 PagesIs the death penalty a deterrent of heinous crimes to society? Putting people to death that have been judged by their peers to have committed certain extremely heinous crimes is a practice of ancient standing, but in the United States in the last part of the twentieth century, it has become a very controversial issue. Changing views on this difficult issue and the many legal challenges to capital punishment working their way through the courts resulted in halting all executions in the United StatesRead MoreDeath Penalty As A Deterrent And Effect On Reducing Crime2024 Words   |  9 Pagesadvocate death penalty for everybody. A person, who stole bread from a grocery store, definitely does not deserve death penalty. However, a serial killer, who kills people for fun or for his personal gain, definitely deserves death penalty. Death penalty should continue in order to eliminate the garbage of our society. Not everybody deserves to die, but some people definitely do. I support death penalty because of several reasons. Firstly, I believe that death penalty serves as a deterrent and helpsRead MoreThe Death Penalty Essay examples859 Words   |  4 Pages The death penalty continues to be an issue of controversy and is an issue that will be debated in the United States for many years to come. According to Hugo A. Bedau, the writer of â€Å"The Death Penalty in America†, capital punishment is the lawful infliction of the death penalty. The death penalty has been used since ancient times for a variety of offenses. The Bible says that death should be done to anyone who commits murder, larceny, rapes, and burglary. It appears that public debate on the death

Flaws of the Death Penalty Essay Example For Students

Flaws of the Death Penalty Essay Capital Punishment has been part of the criminal justice system since the earliest of times. The Babylonian Hammurabi Code(ca. 1700 B.C.) decreed death for crimes as minor as the fraudulent sale of beer(Flanders 3). Egyptians could be put to death for disclosing the location of sacred burial sites(Flanders 3). However, in recent times opponents have shown the death penalty to be racist, barbaric, and in violation with the United States Constitution as cruel and unusual punishment. In this country,although laws governing the application of the death penalty have undergone many changes since biblical times, the punishment endures, and controversy has never been greater. A prisoners death wish cannot grant a right not otherwise possessed. Abolitionists maintain that the state has no right to kill anyone. The right to reject life imprisonment and choose death should be respected, but it changes nothing for those who oppose the death at The death penalty is irrational- a fact that should carry considerable weight with rationalists. As Albert Camus pointed out, Capital punishment.has always been a religious punishment and is reconcilable with humanism. In other words, society has long since left behind the archaic and barbous customs from the cruel eye for an eye anti-human caves of religion- another factor that should raise immediate misgivings for freethinkers. State killings are morally bankrupt. Why do governments kill people to show other people that killing people is wrong? Humanity becomes associated with murderers when it replicate their deeds. Would society allow rape as the penalty for rape or the burning of arsonists homes as the penalty for arson? The state should never have the power to murder its subjects. To give the state this power eliminates the individuals most effective shield against tyranny of the majority and is inconsistent Family and friends of murder victims are further victimized by state killings. Quite a few leaders in the abolishment mo vement became involved specially because someone they loved was murdered. Family of victims repeatedly stated they wanted the murderer to die. One of the main reasons- in addition to justice- was they wanted all the publicity to be over. Yet. if it wasnt for the sensationalism surrounding an execution, the media exposure would not have occurred in the first place. Murderers would be quietly and safely put away for life with absolutely no possibility for parole. The death penalty violates constitutional prohibitions against cruel and unusual punishment. The grotesque killing of Robert Harris by the state of California on April 21,1992, and similar reports of witnesses to hangings and lethal injections should leave doubt that the dying process can be- and often is-grossly inhumane, regardless of The death penalty is often used for political gain. During his presidential gain, President Clinton rushed home for the Arkansas execution of Rickey Ray Rector, a mentally retarded, indigent b lack man. Clinton couldnt take the chance of being seen by voters as soft on crime. Political Analysts believe that when the death penalty becomes an issue in a campaign, the candidate favoring capital punishment almost inevitably will benefit. Capital punishment discriminates against the poor. Although murderers come from all classes, those on death row are almost without exception poor and were living in poverty at the they were arrested. The majority of death-row inmates were or are represented by court-appointed public defenders- and the state is not obligated to provide an attorney at all for appeals beyond the state level. The application of capital punishment is racist. About 40 percent of death-row inmates are black, whereas only 8 percent of the population as a whole are black(Flanders 25). In cases with white victims, black defendants were four to six times more likely to receive death sentences than white defendants who had similar criminal histories. Studies show that t he chance for a death sentence is up to five to ten times greater in cases with white victims than black victims(Flanders 25). In the criminal justice system, the life of a white person is worth more than the life of a black person. The mentally retarded are victimized by the death penalty. Since 1989, when the Supreme Court upheld killing of the mentally retarded, at least four such executions .ub77bc8d77f156d8e038c2910f3c6d75a , .ub77bc8d77f156d8e038c2910f3c6d75a .postImageUrl , .ub77bc8d77f156d8e038c2910f3c6d75a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub77bc8d77f156d8e038c2910f3c6d75a , .ub77bc8d77f156d8e038c2910f3c6d75a:hover , .ub77bc8d77f156d8e038c2910f3c6d75a:visited , .ub77bc8d77f156d8e038c2910f3c6d75a:active { border:0!important; } .ub77bc8d77f156d8e038c2910f3c6d75a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub77bc8d77f156d8e038c2910f3c6d75a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub77bc8d77f156d8e038c2910f3c6d75a:active , .ub77bc8d77f156d8e038c2910f3c6d75a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub77bc8d77f156d8e038c2910f3c6d75a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub77bc8d77f156d8e038c2910f3c6d75a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub77bc8d77f156d8e038c2910f3c6d75a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub77bc8d77f156d8e038c2910f3c6d75a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub77bc8d77f156d8e038c2910f3c6d75a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub77bc8d77f156d8e038c2910f3c6d75a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub77bc8d77f156d8e038c2910f3c6d75a .ub77bc8d77f156d8e038c2910f3c6d75a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub77bc8d77f156d8e038c2910f3c6d75a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Promoting the Erie Canal Essay

Icarus Essays - Greek Mythology, Icarus, Daedalus, Bird Flight

Icarus Miller ...Daedalus, hating Crete and his long exile, and longing to see his native land, was shut in by the sea. Though he may block escape by land and water, he said, yet the sky is open, and by that way I will go. Though Minos rules over all, he does not rule the air. So saying, he sets his mind at work upon unknown arts, and changes the laws of nature. For he lays feathers in order, beginning at the smallest, short next to long, so you would think they had grown on a slope. Just so the old-fashioned rustic pan-pipes with their unequal reeds rise one above another.Then he fastened the feathers together with twine and wax at the middle and bottom; and, thus arranged, he bent them with a gentle curve, so that they looked like real birds' wings. His son, Icarus, was standing by and, little knowing that he was handling his own peril, with gleeful face would now catch at the feathers which some passing breeze had blown about, now mold the yellow wax with his thumb, and by his sport would hinder his father's wonderful task. When now the finishing touches had been put upon the work, the master workman himself balanced his body on two wings and hung poised on the beaten air. He taught his son also and said: I warn you, Icarus, to fly in a middle course, lest, if you go too low, the water may weight your wings; if you go too high, the fire may burn them. Fly between the two. And I bid you not to shape your course like Bootes or Helice or the drawn sword of Orion, but fly where I shall lead. At the same time he tells him the rules of flight and fits the strange wings on his boy's shoulders. While he works and talks the old man's cheeks are wet with tears, and his fatherly hands tremble. He kisses his son, which he was destined neve r again to do, and rising on his wings, he flew on ahead, fearing for his companion, just like a bird which has led forth her fledglings from the high nest into the unsubstantial air. He encourages the boy to follow, instructs him in the fatal art of flight, himself flapping his wings and looking back on his son. Now some fisherman spies them, angling for fish with his flexible rod, or a shepherd, leaning upon his crook, or a plowman, on his plow-handles--spies them and stands stupefied, and believes them to be gods that they could fly through the air. And now Juno's sacred Samos had been passed on the left, and Delos and Paros; Lebinthos was on the right and Calymne, rich in honey, when the boy began to rejoice in his bold flight and, deserting his leader, led by a desire for the open sky, directed his course to a greater height. The scorching rays of the nearer sun softened the fragrant wax which held his wings. The wax melted; his arms were bare as he beat them up and down, but, lacking wings, they took no hold on the air. His lips, calling to the last upon his father's name, were drowned in the dark blue sea, which took its name from him. But the unhappy father, now no longer father, called: Icarus, Icarus, where are you? In what place shall I seek you? Icarus, he called again; and then he spied the wings floating on the deep, and cursed his skill. He buried the boy in a tomb, and the land was called for the buried boy. Mythology Essays

Should You Really Be A Creative Writing Major

Should You Really Be A Creative Writing Major SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips So you’re thinking about majoring in creative writing! Completing an undergraduate creative writing program can be a great way to explore your love of fiction or poetry and hone your craft. As edifyingas a creative writing major can be, it may not be what you expect.Dedicated creative writing majors are also quite uncommon, so if you're committed to getting your degree in that subject, you'll have a narrower pool of possible colleges. Thispost will help you decide whether acreative writing major is right for you. Feature Image: Nilufer Gadgieva/Flickr Many Great Schools (with Awesome Writing Classes) Don't Have a Creative Writing Major As I mentioned above, creative writing is a relatively rare major, so if you're solely focused on schools with a dedicated creative writing degree, you might miss out on schools that could be a great fit for you. Keep in mind that a lot of school that don’t offer specific majors still have great opportunities to pursue creative writing, whether by completing a minor, contributing to the campus literary journal, or simply taking classes. Even if you know you want to study creative writing, tryresearching the opportunities available at differentschools with an open mind. You might be surprised by what you find! You're Going to Have to Read- A Lot I once had a friend who loved writingbut hated reading- especially if he had to analyze the text. If you tend toagree with him, and would rather be submerged in a vat of ants than write a paper about Virginia Woolf's use of symbolism to comment onWorld War I inThe Waves, this course of study isn't right for you. Most creative writing majors are run by the English department, and, in fact, many are special tracks within the English major. As such,they involve a lot of reading of all kinds, including fiction, plays, poetry, and literary theory. I was an English major in undergrad, and we were expected to read a roughly book a week in each class. Some were long (I had one professor assign the longest single volume novel in the English language) and some were short, but it added up to a lot of books! You’ll also have to write critical essays analyzing theseworks of literature- if you really only want to write your own fiction or poetry, consider majoring in something else and taking creative writing classes as electives. (Martin/Flickr) You Don't Need a Specific Major to Be a Writer Writing isn't like engineering: you don't need a specific degree to pursue it professionally. The only thing that you need to do to be a writer is to write. Most writing jobs, whether in publishing, journalism or teaching, don’t require or even expect you to have majoredin creative writing. For the few positions that do require a writing degree, which are almost exclusively in academia,you'll actually need a graduate degree (generally an MFA). Studying writing in school is a great way to motivate you to work on your writing andto get constructive feedback(more on this below), but it’s not the only way. A lot of great writers studied something totally unrelated to writing or didn’t go to college at all. You Can Learn A Lot From Really Focusing on Writing So far I've focused mostly on reasons you might not want or need to major in creative writing, but there's one very good reason to do so: you'll spend a lot of time writing,talking about writing, and reading your peers' writing. One of the key features of any creative writing major is the workshop- a small class where students closely read and dissect each other’s work. Workshops can be very productive, since they offer the opportunity for lots of revision and rewriting. However, they also involve a lot of criticism and can be challenging for very sensitive people. Considerhow you'll react to someone not liking your writing or suggesting ways to improve it. Many creative writing majors also require a capstone project or creative BA thesis, whichrequires you to complete a substantive piece of work that's at or near publication ready. For studentswho are genuinely committed to publishing their writing, this project is an invaluable stepping stone. Some Schools Have Special Opportunities for Creative Writing Majors At schools with particularly strong writing programs, majors may have the opportunity to attend special readings or meetings with authors that aren't open to non-majors. They may also have priority for activities like working at the literary journal or university press. These kinds of perks are completely dependent on the school, however, so make sure to research the specific programs that you're interested in. Bestselling author Emma Donoghue reads from her novel "Room" (London Public Library/Flickr) Final Thoughts Creative writing majors offer a unique opportunity to focus on the craft of writing, but they aren't right for everyone. If the following statements apply to you, a creative writing major could be a great fit: You love to read and write. You take criticism well and don't mind other people reading your work. You want to pursue writing outside of the classroom as well as in it. More RecommendedReading Convinced you want to be a creative writing major? Check out our list of the best undergrad writing programs. Creative writing majors go on to a wide range of jobs. If you're exploring different career ideas, check out our guides on how to become a lawyer and how to become a teacher. If you're looking at colleges, also check out our guide on how to pick the best school for you and our list of the best college search websites. For those of you interested in particularly selective schools, we haveaguide to getting into Ivy League schools written bya Harvard grad. Want to improve your SAT score by 160points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Ethical Theories Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethical Theories Paper - Essay Example determined solely by its resulting consequent, though there is still a debate over the extent of consideration that should be offered to intended consequences, foreseen consequences and actual consequences. Utilitarianism can be said to be a reductionist and a quantitative approach to ethics, as well as a form of naturalism (Zilioli, 2007). It is the opposite of deontological ethics, virtue ethics, ethical egoism, and pragmatic ethics. This is an absolutist and deontological approach. It is based on the fact that individuals should believe in doing things because it is the right thing to do meaning and the duty of an individual to perform a certain act, which can be regarded as right. It does not believe that each act should be done because it results in happiness but should be done because it is the appropriate thing to do. Kant’s ethics are based on A Priori reasoning while Mill’s and Bentham’s are based on A Posteriori logic (Zilioli, 2007). This is a theory which was developed in anthropological research as axiomatic in the few initial decades of 20th century by Franz Boas and popularized later by his students (Peoples & Bailey, 2012). Boas did not coin the term. Cultural relativism involves certain methodological and epistemological claims. It is still debated whether these claims necessitate a particular ethical stance or not. This principle should be carefully distinguished from moral relativism. This is a principle of truth based on the statement "if one believes something it is true." The outcome of individual relativism results in two obvious absurdities, and consequently one nail-in-the-coffin objection. To begin with, the most obvious absurdity that is a consequent of individual relativism is if everybodys beliefs are true, then there would not be any false belief. This means everybody is always right, and their beliefs are true and cannot be false. The second relatively obvious absurdity is if there are no false beliefs, then no one will ever

Children With Oppositional Defiant Disorder Term Paper

Children With Oppositional Defiant Disorder - Term Paper Example It is related to ADD and ADHD, and often, a diagnosis of ADHD leads to a diagnosis of ODD. About 30 to 50 percent of children diagnosed with ADHD also may have ODD (Lindstrom, Tuckwiller, and Hallahan 2008). ODD is considered a psychiatric disorder, and ADHD is considered a development disorder (Arzubi 2008). Oppositional defiant disorder is usually diagnosed in preadolescent children, and is sometimes lumped under other conduct disorders. Robb and Reber (2007) state a diagnosis stems from a pattern of defiant behavior continuing for at least six months and the behaviors must interfere with the child’s home life and school life. Frequency of the behavior set is the main clue. For a separate or singular diagnosis of ODD, these behaviors must not arise from a psychotic or a mood disorder. Van Acker (2007) adds that peer group variables such as bullying and isolation are also a factor, and community transformation such as influx of immigrants or concentrated poverty also have a role. In addition, there may be a genetic component or a biochemical factor (although this has not been determined by structured studies, only anecdotal evidence) and there most certainly are environmental factors at work in the child with ODD. Adopted children are twice as likely as non-adopted children to be diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder (Keyes, 2008). A Minnesota study looked at 540 adolescents who were not adopted and a similar-age group of 692 adolescents who were adopted in Minnesota. The adoptee group included 514 foreign children and 178 domestic adoptions. The study found that adolescents who were adopted as infants were significantly likely to be diagnosed with ODD in their teen years; twice as likely, in fact. The rates were 7 percent for adoptees and 3.5 percent diagnosis rate for non-adoptees. Another small study (155 subjects) conducted in obese

The Exploration of Womanhood in All About My Mother Essay Example for Free

The Exploration of Womanhood in All About My Mother Essay In his critically acclaimed 1999 character-driven drama film All About My Mother (1999); writer-director Pedro Almodovar cements his reputation as an expert on the complexities and intricacies of womanhood. The film features several complex and multi-layered female characters that are portrayed with great emotional depth. Throughout the course of the film, these characters are forced to struggle with impediments such as loss, betrayal and societal prejudice. Yet, in the end, they triumph over these obstacles and take control of their lives. The protagonist of the film, Manuela, suffers the loss of her son, Esteban, early in the film and is prompted to go on a journey to Barcelona, where she meets other women who are dealing with their own issues in life. Through the events that take place in Manuela’s life and the relationships she forms with these other female characters following Esteban’s sudden and tragic death, the film explores the trials and tribulations women universally face and the various ways in which they cope and deal with these ordeals. The film also pays homage to two of the most influential representations of female characters in cinematic history: All About Eve (1950) and A Streetcar Named Desire (1951). The plot structure of the film serves to outline the various stages that take place in Manuela’s life at the wake of Esteban’s death, and, by extension, exposes the anatomy of how one in general deals with loss and tragedy. The film follows a linear plot structure that begins right before the death of Esteban and ends a few years later, when Manuela manages to overcome the tragedy. During the exposition, the character of Esteban and his relationship with his mother are introduced and built up. This contributes to the great shock and sympathy the audience feels when he unexpectedly dies in a car accident immediately after. The exposition also addresses the issue of suffering the loss of a loved one through sequences involving the reactions of the family members of recently demised individuals. Manuela’s subsequent journey to Barcelona signifies her immediate reaction to delve into the past and inability to move on in her life. Her goal is to locate Esteban’ s father and inform him of his death. However, upon reaching there, she appears to begin the process of forgetting her sorrows and beginning a new life. When she returns on the same train to Madrid, her priorities shift to her new adopted son, also named Esteban. In the concluding segments of the film, frequent jumps in time are used to display how life begins to move faster once Manuela is no longer holding on to her loss. In the closing sequence, when Manuela visits Barcelona again, all the characters are shown to have overcome the struggles of their past and moved on in life. The structure of the narrative is quite unconventional and serves to explore the intricacies of the characters rather than present much action. Initially, the plot seems to be goal-driven and based on uncovering Manuela’s quest to find Lola – Esteban’s father. From the beginning of the movie, suspense is created about the father, when Esteban repeatedly inquires about him. However, as Manuela reaches Barcelona and her life gets intertwined with other women who are trying to cope with their own problems, the plot loses a sense of purpose a nd no longer has a clear direction. This lack of focus parallels Manuela’s state of mind. Manuela is in a period of self-discovery and does not have a specific goal in life at this point in the narrative. It also allows the film to freely explore the lives of these different women and achieve a level of emotional depth into their characters, and the issues they face. The audience, however, is gradually made aware of Manuela’s past and her relationship with Lola. In addition, she does end up meeting Lola, even though her priorities have changed by this point. Manuela’s past is revealed to be full of betrayal and loss, which puts her struggle to overcome it during the course of the movie into context. It is the struggles and triumphs of the characters in the film, led by the protagonist Manuela, that drive the narrative and keep the audience engaged. The film employs a first-person point of view, as we witness the events of the plot through the eyes of Manuela. This provides an emotional connect between the audience and Manuela while she faces the loss of her son and endeavors to recover from it. During her train journeys between Madrid and Barcelona, Manuela’s inner thoughts are revealed though voice-over narrations. Each time she boards the train, she is at a different stage in her recovery process and her thoughts drastically change over time. The voice-overs help to reveal details from her past to the audience as well as her plans for the future. Although Manuela acts as the protagonist of the narrative, there are several peripheral characters in the film that help to move it forward. Upon reaching Barcelona, Manuela’s life is intertwined with many different female characters that are struggling with their own problems. As Manuela gets progressively more involved in the lives of these characters, she begins to leave her own sorrows behind. These characters also represent the different kinds of problems women face. Manuela, Agrado and Sister Rosa are linked by the fact that the same man, Lola, has adversely affected all three of their lives. Manuela also gets entangled in the lives of Huma and Nina, when she becomes their secretary. The wide variety of problems these women face includes betrayal, neglect, societal prejudice and drug addiction. The ways in which they each deal with these problems also differs. They also end up helping each other in different ways to get over their troubles. These characters represent every woman. They play the roles of mothers, sisters, lovers and friends. They also come from different backgrounds; a prostitute, a nun and an actress. With Manuela at the center, the relationships that develop and grow between these female characters changes the nature of the plot from a search for Esteban’s father to a celebration of womanhood. It also provides hope for the future, through the solidarity of their friendship. At one point, the plot becomes increasingly complex, with Manuela acting as a nurse to Sister Rosa, secretary to Huma and trying to get over her son’s loss all at the same time. Yet, the manner in which these inter-relationships are presented is seamless. The script includes several recurring motifs and cultural allusions that reinstate the challenges faced historically by women and suggest different mechanisms that they have used to cope with these hardships. It is often said that life and art have a reciprocal relationship; while art is usually based on life, life is in turn often influenced by art as well. This idea is highlighted throughout the script of All About My Mother (1999). In particular, two cinematic classics that deal with gender issues; All About Eve (1950) and A Streetcar Named Desire (1951), are strongly woven into the narrative of the film. In fact, the title of the film is a reference to the title All About Eve (1950). Moreover, Almodovar draws numerous parallels between his narrative and the plots of these two films. Manuela is forced to depend on the â€Å"kindness of strangers† on many occasions, just like Blanche in A Streetcar Named Desire (1951). In addition, she acts as an understudy for the role of S tella, usually played by Nina, and ends up giving a stellar performance; similar to the way Eve steals the role of her idol Margo in All About Eve (1950). Long sequences with scenes from a television broadcast of All About Eve (1950) and enactments of A Streetcar Named Desire also make their way into the script. These works, through the characters of Eve Harrington, Blanche DuBois and Stella Kowalski, represent three diametrically opposite ways of dealing with the injustices faced by women. While Eve displays a ruthless ambition and drive to overcome the traditional prejudices of the theatre establishment against women actors, Blanche distorts her view of the world as a means of escape and Stella displays a submissive acceptance to the status quo tries to adapt with the harsh realities of traditional gender roles. The female characters of All About My Mother, and especially its protagonist Manuela, adopt all three of these different stances at different periods of time in the film. Sister Rosa, much like Stella, accepts her fate without questioning when when she contracts HIV. In contrast, Agrado shows great Eve-like courage when she attempts to take control of her life through plastic surgery and when she remains unaffected by the physical and psychological violence of her clients. Yet, there is a part of each of these fictional icons and their ideologies in all of these characters, and in every woman in general. Art in various forms, such as theatre and cinema, also acts as a structuring motif in the film. The concept of art and storytelling are touched upon through Esteban’s ambitions of becoming a writer, Manuela’s past as an actor and the productions of A Streetcar Named Desire starring Nina and Huma. The role of art as a source of inspiration for women and its power to influence their lives is encapsulated by Huma’s confession, â€Å"I started smoking because of Bette Davis†. Moreover, the potential of art to be used as a means of escapism is exhibited through Manuela’s repeated viewings of A Streetcar Named Desire after the death of Esteban. The idea of escapism as a means to cope with the harsh realities of life is further exemplified through Nina’s heroin addiction. One of the most important motifs presented by the script is the train that Manuela takes to travel between Madrid and Barcelona. Each time she travels in the train, she enters a new phase of her life. The train symbolizes her ability to leave the past behind and move on. Through All About My Mother (1999), Almodovar pays tribute to the female gender and its cultural icons. The film is a celebration of all that it means to be a woman. It is also reminiscent of the strong and influential female characters in film history. In fact, he expressly conveys these sentiments in the acknowledgments at the closing of the film, â€Å"To Bette Davis, Gena Rowlands, Romy Schneider. To all actresses who have played actresses, to all women who act, to men who act and become women, to all people who want to become mothers. To my mother.† By closely blending a unique plot structure, strong character building and the use of cultural allusions, Almodovar creates a film that is unconventional, yet , simple.

Essay --

Kelly Cowart 2-21-14 POLS 2301 Dr. Glazier Inequality in America Income inequality has been all over the news as of late and has been pushed to the forefront of the political sphere. Our president even made this issue a major part of his last state of the union address. It is no surprise to most Americans that income inequality is a very real thing that has been steadily increasing since the 1970’s. While the country has been making slow but steady progress on social inequalities, the income inequality has only grown. How can this be? We are one of the richest nations on this planet and the disparity between the rich and the poor is staggering. But is a measure of income inequality an accurate way to assess how well the country as a whole is doing? And is the income gap as bad as it looks on paper? Will an increase in the minimum wage help lift people out of poverty? There are several arguments to this and in this paper I will explore the issues surrounding income inequality and also add in the important factor of social mobility. When we think of income inequality we usually think of big corporations versus the rest of us. We do not typically think that small businesses contribute to this problem as well. But indeed this gap is present in all forms of business big and small because, let’s face it, most business models are based on the capitalist system. Business wants to get the most production for the least amount of cost to increase the profit margin. Most would agree that this is the way America works. This model is great in theory and in practice has obviously worked. But where does it put the workers? Are they able to sustain a living free from dependency on social programs while working for these businesses? Are the b... ...ion of the Affordable Care Act, health insurance for the working poor and the impoverished is now a welcome reality. There are solutions out there to help with the problem of income inequality. Education needs to be more affordable with more opportunity for students and advisors to search out public and private grants and scholarships to help offset the costs of a higher education. Reduction in tax breaks and increases in tax to the top earners would help bridge the income gap. Increases of credits such as the EITC to the working poor to help subsidize income would also help. And finally, political campaign finance reform would help give the poor a loud and relevant enough voice to be heard by all. There are myriad of solutions to the problem of income inequality and these are just a few ideas that could help change the course of this country and its economy.

World Peace

21st the world is encouraged to recognize that day as a day of peace. I think it is quite easy for people to look at places around the world where there is clearly hostility going on, whether it be the Middle East, Africa, or inner cities in the United States, and think why can’t there simply be peace. To me peace is not about looking at places of hostility around the world and saying there must be peace there. Real peace around the world begins within you. Check inside and honestly answer the questions â€Å"Am I at peace within myself? â€Å"How do I express and encourage peace in my interactions with others? † Many people if they are honest are not at peace within themselves. They have allowed what is going on their physical world to disturb their peace. With their peace disturbed, they have either consciously or unconsciously disturbed the peace of those around them. I believe we must master peace within ourselves before we can hope to have authentic peace with anyone else. That is not to say that the two cannot be pursued simultaneously. There are wonderful organizations such as The Center For Non-Violent Communication, that can assist you in both recognizing the needs both within yourself and others so that you can have peaceful win/win conversations even in difficult circumstances. You can also make a conscious choice to release the thoughts, feelings, and beliefs that are responsible for disturbing your peace, and reprogram your subconscious mind to create peace in your life. In honor of International Peace Day 2009, I have created ten affirmations for personal peace within you, and ten affirmations for peace around the world. In a country, Peace is a term that most commonly refers to an absence of aggression, violence or hostility. Peace isn’t the absence of violence but rather the presence of justice. In a society, peace happens when different desires are in one agreement. Peace is based on many things, culture, education, family values, experience, & history (to name a few) but the basis is the same—-to co-exist without war, killing, & overpowering a fellow being. According to me, Peace is the feeling that all's right with the world. When everyone around me in my family, my friend circle and my neighbourhood is happy, eager to love, accept and relate†¦ I feel at peace. Also, to me it means following what my heart says and sharing mutual trust and respect for people around me. However, in today’s world, peace and harmony face various threats. Terrorism, regional imbalance, economic disparity, and social inequality are some of the factors which threaten peace today. We all are so engrossed in our busy lifestyles and yet want our lives to be peaceful. We expect that peace to be omnipresent but what we need to realize is the fact that if we want peace- we have to live peacefully, love everyone, forgive, forget, etc. . It’s not enough to stand around asking if world peace will ever happen because that won’t do anything. Actions speak louder than any words. If everyone starts living the peaceful, loving way, things will change. But someone has to start and lead by example. Mahatma Gandhi once said â€Å"You must be the change you wish to see in the world. We can’t rely on anyone else to do this. We have to do these ourselves. Acceptance, compassion, and tolerance are the foundation of peace. Mahatma Gandhi showed that peace ends suffering and oppression, not by warring against an enemy but by bearing witness to wrongs and allowing sympathy and common humanity to do their patient work. Nelson Mandela and Mother Teresa lived different aspects of peace, which was proven to be a viable way to achieve great things. A Human Approach to World Peace When we rise in the morning and listen to the radio or read the newspaper, we are confronted with the same sad news: violence, crime, wars, and disasters. I cannot recall a single day without a report of something terrible happening somewhere. Even in these modern times it is clear that one's precious life is not safe. No former generation has had to experience so much bad news as we face today; this constant awareness of fear and tension should make any sensitive and compassionate person question seriously the progress of our modern world. World peace is an ideal of freedom, peace, and happiness among and within all nations and/or peoples. World peace is a Utopian idea of planetary non-violence by which nations willingly cooperate, either voluntarily or by virtue of a system of governance that prevents warfare. Although the term is sometimes used to refer to a cessation of all hostility among all individuals, world peace more commonly refers to a permanent end to global and regional wars with future conflicts resolved through nonviolent means.

Video Games Assassin Simulations Essay - 1812 Words

Video Games: Assassin Simulations Video game violence has been a wildly debated topic since the beginnings of the industry. The topic evolved from the debate on media violence or violence in print media. However, the video game debate brings a new angle. Video games, because of their immersive nature, are said to have more impact on children. The proponents and opponents of video game censorship do not really fall into traditional political boundaries. The proponents of censorship tend to be some parents and doctors. Those opposed to censorship tend to be those who play the video games themselves. There is a center faction, however. The center faction consists of those doctors and psychologists who evaluate media violence on a†¦show more content†¦He starts his argument out with a pathos-loaded quote from a random video game player: Playing with all the violence options enabled, I shot off enemies legs. I shot off arms. I left chests and groins splattered with blood. Guts poked out of the hole I had drilled in an enemies midsection. Is this a war story being told by a traumatized veteran? No! Its a review from the New York Times on a new video game--Soldiers of Fortune. (Brody 1) Brody’s attempt at shock was very poorly done. He attempts to lure the reader into thinking he’s talking about some kind of battlefield, but botches it from the onset. He then presents to sets of facts, one which we must take his word on, and the other I know to be blatantly untrue. This may be my ethos over his, but I doubt anyone truly believes that â€Å"the core gaming audience is 8 to 14 year old males† (Brody 2). In the next couple of paragraphs he goes on a rampage, painting video games as more and more realistic killing simulators. Brody believes that every game should be politically correct, with correct gender stereotypes, no winners or losers, and no violence. Now, if someone was to buy his statement that most gamers are 8-14 year olds, these beliefs still would not hold water. What Brady is advocating is completely sheltering kids, and not exposing them to any of the realities of life. In addition, he totally ignores the rating system for games and c hooses the most violent titles he canShow MoreRelatedFabricated And Historically Accurate Elements Of Assassins Creed1804 Words   |  8 Pages Fabricated and Historically Accurate Elements of Assassins Creed II The Renaissance was a time period in Europe between the 13th and 17th centuries, it was a rich time for human development and overall improvement of life (Hay, 1). Whether it be through stunning architectural designs, improvements in medicine, or scientific inventions. Several objects from this time period were preserved due to the vast amount of information and historical relevance they provided, information such as that of LeonardoRead MoreArt Form for the Digital Age864 Words   |  4 Pagesgrowing game industry is said to be the most growing form of art in the economy today. The gaming industry has grown tremendously in the past century. It went from silent pong games to intense story plot and mind blowing real life graphics like Final Fantasy. Games are becoming more and more realistic, characters can talk, and blink, jump, wave and every part of the body moves like a real person can. Parental advisory is a big part of these games. In this new generation of video games, playersRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effect On Society1081 Words   |  5 Pagesforms of content such as text, audio, video, animations, etc. making it attractive to consumers for engagement. YouTube for instance has more than 300 million users worldwide and out of those around 150 million users access YouTube at least once in a week. Facebook on the other side sees around 3.5 billion content getting posted on it every week. The use of social media platforms by potential buyers of any product is phenomenal. 1.1 Video Game Industry Video games can be divided into several categories

Mohs Scale of Hardness - Identify Rocks Minerals

There are many systems used to measure hardness, which is defined several different ways. Gemstones and other minerals are ranked according to their Mohs hardness. Mohs hardness refers to a materials ability to resist abrasion or scratching. Note that a hard gem or mineral is not automatically tough or durable. About the Mohs Scale of Mineral Hardness The Mohs (Mohs) scale of hardness is the most common method used to rank gemstones and minerals according to hardness. Devised by German mineralogist Friedrich Moh in 1812, this scale grades minerals on a scale from 1 (very soft) to 10 (very hard). Because the Mohs scale is a relative scale, the difference between the hardness of a diamond and that of a ruby is much greater than the difference in hardness between calcite and gypsum. As an example, diamond (10) is about 4-5 times harder than corundum (9), which is about 2 times harder than topaz (8). Individual samples of a mineral may have slightly different Mohs ratings, but they will be near the same value. Half-numbers are used for in-between hardness ratings. How to Use the Mohs Scale A mineral with a given hardness rating will scratch other minerals of the same hardness and all samples with lower hardness ratings. As an example, if you can scratch a sample with a fingernail, you know its hardness is less than 2.5. If you can scratch a sample with a steel file, but not with a fingernail, you know its hardness is between 2.5 and 7.5.   Gems are examples of minerals. Gold, silver, and platinum are all relatively soft, with Mohs ratings between 2.5-4. Since gems can scratch each other and their settings, each piece of gemstone jewelry should be wrapped separately in silk or paper. Also, be wary of commercial cleaners, as they may contain abrasives that could damage jewelry. There are a few common household items on the basic Mohs scale to give you an idea of how hard gems and minerals really are and for use in testing hardness yourself. Mohs Scale of Hardness Hardness Example 10 diamond 9 corundum (ruby, sapphire) 8 beryl (emerald, aquamarine) 7.5 garnet 6.5-7.5 steel file 7.0 quartz (amethyst, citrine, agate) 6 feldspar (spectrolite) 5.5-6.5 most glass 5 apatite 4 fluorite 3 calcite, a penny 2.5 fingernail 2 gypsum 1 talc

Grades And The Esteem, By Randy Moore - 1117 Words

â€Å"Grades and Self- Esteem† What is self- esteem? Self- esteem is confidence in one’s own worth or abilities. In â€Å"Grades Self- Esteem†, author Randy Moore (2007) stated that the level of performance of the students decreased while schools are building the self- esteem in the students. Author Alfie Kohn (1994) stated in his article â€Å"The Truth about Self- Esteem† to contradict Moore’s opinion that academics and self- esteem are not related. Moore discussed some beneficial points which are useful for the students, but in some cases his argument was not giving better meaning. I agree from Moore’s article that the American students do not perform as well academically as students from other countries. I do not agree from Moore’s opinion that the†¦show more content†¦Giving tough exams and more reading, and setting high standards to award grades will not allow the teachers to understand the intellectual depth of the students and increase the value of the cl asses. Some people argue that students will perform better if it is difficult to get grades. There were evidence that harder multiple choice exams will not allow the students to improve understanding and thinking ability. The harder exams will yield only short term benefit to the student, but in the long run, tougher grades won’t benefit the students. Teachers who are giving easy grades to the students are worried about the students’ self-esteem and the elevation. Kohn (2002) stated that many higher education teachers are basically researchers, they are not trained enough to teach, it is better to analyze the teachers skill and examine their view of teaching in order to get better performance of the students. This will allow the students to get benefit without facing a hard grading system. Moore (2007) stated that nowadays teachers are offering only A or B grades to the students. According to Moore (2007) in 1966, teachers gave C’s as A’s and by 1978, compared to C’s, A’s were increased. In the 1980’s, most of the schools were giving ‘A’ grades to the students. Many researchers stated that there is no proper evidence for grade inflation. For example Kohn (2002)Show MoreRelatedGrades And Self Esteem By Randy Moore767 Words   |  4 Pagesessay â€Å"Grades and self-Esteem†, the author Randy Moore, argues about self-esteem in students and their grades. He also claims that teachers should be genuine in giving grades to their students rather than focusing on their self-esteem. I agree with the author’s view regarding the grading system and disagree with the Moore, regarding building self-esteem in students. Moore argues that many schools are focusing more on building self-esteem rather than education standards in students. Self-esteem comesRead MoreAnalyzing and Argumentative Essay: Grades and Self-Esteem1093 Words   |  5 PagesAnalyzing an Argumentative Essay: â€Å"Grades and Self- Esteem† What is self- esteem? Self- esteem is confidence in one’s own worth or abilities. In â€Å"Grades Self- Esteem†, author Randy Moore (2007) stated that the level of performance of the students decreased while schools are building the self- esteem in the students. Author Alfie Kohn (1994) stated in his article â€Å"The Truth about Self- Esteem† to contradict Moore’s opinion that academics and self- esteem are not related. Moore discussed some beneficialRead MoreCritical Thinking By The Criticalthinking.org Website1317 Words   |  6 Pagesthat the graduates have poor communication skills and not confident with themselves. This is just like the situation that was mentioned by Randy Moore, a professor of biology in University of Minnesota in the article, Grades and Self-Esteem. He said that nowadays the companies couldn’t find competent workers and even the workers cannot pass the 7th grade exam. He believed that this is because the school itself tends to ‘humanizes’ education such as lowering the standards of passing, allowingRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesWestern Carolina University Daniel Sherman, University of Alabama, Huntsville Heather Shields, Texas Tech University Ted Shore, California State University at Long Beach Stuart Sidle, University of New Haven Bret Simmons, University of Nevada Reno Randy Sleeth, Virginia Commonwealth University William Smith, Emporia State University Kenneth Solano, Northeastern University Shane Spiller, Morehead State University Lynda St. Clair, Bryant University John B. Stark, California State University, BakersfieldRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesï ¬ ve years as the Chief Reader for the Advanced Placement Statistics Exam and currently chairs the American Statistical Association’s Joint Committee with the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics on Curriculum in Statistics and Probability for Grades K–12. In addition to her texts in introductory statistics, Roxy is also co-editor of Statistical Case Studies: A Collaboration Between Academe and Industry and a member of the editorial board for Statistics: A Guide to the Unknown, 4th editi on. Outside

Critical Analysis of Case Study on Disability- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCritical Analysis of Case Study on Disability. Answer: Disability is termed as a disadvantageous condition that may pertain to cognitive approach, developmental process, intellectual potency and mental, physical and sensory health. Such conditions considerably affect an individuals life and might be present since birth that is congenital or can be caused during life time due to accidents or other psychosomatic complications. Disability is a broader term that encompasses impairment of various forms. These include participation prohibition, activity restriction and difficulty in carrying out general tasks. Disability is not only associated with one individuals limitation but it also reflects on the relationship between the individual and the society he or she lives in. Disability is a much deliberated issue. It carries different meaning for different communities. The term may point towards physical and mental anomalies that can be addressed by the respective medical care (Shakespeare, 2013). The social model of disability focuses more on the social constraints and how the surroundings society perceives the disability condition and concerned quality of life. The way to define disability was of prime concern in UK and US in 1970s and at that time the medical model used to persist as the sole mode of explanation of such conditions. Debates have prevailed in the community and legal guidelines were set up to acknowledge disability conditions and therefore make necessary provisions within the scope of formal healthcare (Campbell Oliver, 2013). There are special benefit packages as well for the disabled people in the sector of private health care. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) generated by World Health Organization makes a distinction in between the body function and body structure. Disability in the structure or function can be defined as involving a loss or other significant variation from certain points generally known as popul ation standards, which might change from time to time (Fulcher, 2015). Activity can be defined as the implementation of an action or task. This particular essay focuses on the understandable facets of mental retardedness as a potential disability up on choosing it from the memoir, the influence of mental impairment on personal and family life, influence of mental impairment in social life and roles of human service professionals. The human service professionals who work in this field are required to be humanitarian in their perspective and aspect. Mental retardation is an everlasting condition that can be characterized by sub average intelligence. It can cause limitations in adaptive function and the learning process of a person. Persons suffering from mental retardation might be able to stay freely in the society. They can also attain various levels of job which mainly depends upon the severity. The increase in the severity causes the increase in need of training which will help in support to complete the daily tasks. This part describes about the health conditions of people living with different types of mental retardation. Mental retardation happens in all races and societies, despite the fact that there is a bigger pervasiveness in general among the male persons than ladies. Roughly 1-3% of the populace is affected among all. The greater part (around 85%) is named having mild seriousness, around 10% of cases have moderate and approximately 4% of people is having extreme mental retardation. The time of beginning normally re lies upon the cause for the mental retardation. Generally, mental retardation can be caused by any circumstances which disturb the development of brain during birth or in childhood. Mental retardation unless congenital can be caused due to several factors which include Down syndrome, hydrocephalus, cerebral palsy, lead poisoning, fanconi anemia and phenylketoneuria. There could be some procedural malfunction in case of in vitro fertilization that might lead to mental retardation later on (Sandin et al, 2013). Down syndrome is the most common mental disorder in US and it happens due to delay in development and chromosomal aberration. Hydrocephalus is a brain condition in which water gets accumulated in the brain causing retardation in brain function. Cerebral palsy is a consortium of symptoms that affects muscular movement and associated coordination (Werne Stawski, 2012). Lead is a toxic metal and very poisonous affecting the brain cells in negative manner. Fanconi anemia is responsible for bone marrow failure. The bone marrow is responsible for generation of three types of blood cells. Some mental retardedness can be congenital and is associated with the brain volume during the birth and the parts or lobes of the brain. It may also appear during the developmental stages of a kid and the upbringing in a closely knit social environment (Brereton, Tonge Einfeld, 2006). Specifically, potential causes include, chromosomal deficiency such as Downs syndrome, inherited disorders such as Fragile X syndrome, metabolism defects, injury in brain or infection due to insufficiency in oxygen during birth, premature birth, low weight during birth, malnutrition of the fetus, drug or alcohol misuse during pregnancy, infections from the mother and severe emotional abuse. Unfortunately, in many cases, no particular reason can be identified despite the fact that the probability of recognizing the specific reason which increases the seriousness of mental retardation. Mental illness can be aggravated by the occurrence of physical problems. The case study in the memoir shows the subject had some developing problems in the childhood that might have alienated from other usual community people and general fondness in upbringing. When the subject was about three, she had signs of malnutrition (Rosenberg Abbeduto, 2013). Though not skeletal, she was blue and would bruise at the slightest touch. Her eyelashes would come out in large quantities, and my gums bled. Her parents thought she had leukemia, and took for a blood test. The doctor took some blood from ear-lobe. She was intrigued by a multicolored cardboard wheel the doctor had given me. She also had hearing tests because, although she mimicked everything, it appeared that she was deaf. Intellectual disability is also another aspect of mentally retarded people along with other associated factors. Intellectual disability is also alternatively known as general learning disability and mental retardati on. It is a disorder of neural development can start from the very onset of childhood. It can affect intellectual and adaptive functioning. The general living condition becomes pathetically severe (Patja at al., 2000). As it can be seen in the case study where the subject used to get called alternatively as Polly or Dolly. Dolly has faced discrimination from her mother as a retarded or troubled child. She was neglected in a dysfunctional family where accurate level of affection was not provided to the child. Her grandmothers demeanor was to be perceived by her as friendly and not threat some. All these aspects contribute to the psychosomatic condition of the concerned individual that has imparted considerably to the generation of psychological intricacy from the very beginning. There are some aspects associated with the mental health illness and peer pressure. Peer pressure is the term that can be applied in cases where people of same age and background are in to consideration. The peers in this case with respect to Dolly or Polly are the elder brothers and the cousins. It was eminent that though the subject was comfortable with some of her cousins but she was not equally sociable and lovable by her antiques as compared to them. She was comfortable with her aunt who was fond of brushing her hair. But in this regard also, her personal considerations regarding her aunt poses some questions regarding the psyche of them child as she evaluates the situation in a manner of aberration. The mystic and fancy characters used to attract the case study subject as mentioned within the case study. This gives an insight to the fondness of the subject and clearly suggests that she was unable to cope up with common day pressures. The entire analysis of the case study that will be further elaborated in the later section will further have an insight into the problem constraints of the case study. Mental illness may strike a person or a group of persons in various ways. Mental illness can be dormant as childhood factors in the concerned individual or that can an added disadvantageous toll of chemical abuse. Mental illness simply tells that the brain orientation is no proper that can be perceived natural by the ambience society (Zigler Balla, 2013). The quality of life of the affected family becomes the primary concern (Verdugo et al., 2012). The case study suggests that the family had a point of conflict regarding the future of the subject who was not being able to cope up with the surroundings development. The father wanted her to stay at home while her mother wanted to send her to an institution. This gives an insight into the dilemma of the family members of the patients. The family members become co addict in their so called own right after being associated with the diseased person for long and think in commune with the special need of the subject (Macklin Gaylin, 2013). There should be special counseling in this regard required for the family members as well. There can be two aspects in this regard. One is how mental retardedness affects the ambient social life and how the social influences aggravate the mental health condition. Mental retardation can be perceived in nationalistic perspective as well in which it can be argued that mentally retarded population in turn turns the country weak. Mentally challenged people cannot go to war and their brains processing power will also be less. So they will always b e regarded as someone inferior kind. Mentally challenged people can be best example of brain functional model. During the past 40 to 50 years there have been numerous changes in our society with respect to the management and treatment of people with disabilities. In addition, there has been much advancement in medical care (Mefford, Batshaw Hoffman, 2012). As a result, most of these individuals reside in the community rather than institutions and depend upon community-based private practitioners for oral health care. Some schools of t houghts suggest that brain damage is not the sole cause of mental retardation but rather the environmental and social factors do also play crucial role in this regard. There have been new terms proposed for the mentally retarded people which are focusing more on intellectual disability and logical reasoning capability. The level of anxiety associated is always detrimental (String et al., 2012). This difficulty is more aggravated with social stigma. The actual make up of the brain and mind of a mentally retarded person is extremely susceptible and fragile to external expletives. This complicates the situation. The toll of mentally retarded people on a nation or society is no less than a magnanimous burden. It can affect the natural growth and progression of a civilized society at the same time the respective civilized society also has to be empathetic to its inhabitants focusing on the extractable qualities of such individuals which might affect the society in a broader perspective i n future. The social life of the family as seen in the case study was totally plundered as they were indecisive about Polly or Dolly and could not understand the propensity of the subject relating to her early physical complications and lack of mental growth and conviviality during childhood. The staffs who work in this sector to help mentally impaired patients with or without additional physical difficulty and their families are supposed to be trained specially. A special training usually gets provided to the staffs so that they can understand the special needs of the patients they are dealing with. They are usually taught to be extra cautious and humanitarian in making considerations and decisions as the persons who are disabled are highly susceptible to mental agony and bad behaviors (Bar off Oley, 2014). The staffs are usually given and should be given a light concept of the underlying reason of the mental illness so that they can understand the logical basis of the requirements of the patients. This further education to the staffs working in this field also helps in educating patient parties about the possible steps or outcomes in the situations having such specific needs. This in turn helps to be empathetic to the subject patients and thus neglect the ill conventio n of stigma that is pervasive around this kind of people. Mental retardation is a permanent condition, however the majority of individuals with mental retardation can get complete, individualized projects that are aimed for instructing the abilities that are important to build their level of freedom: reading, composing, and essential math, dealing with individual needs such as dressing, washing; speaking with others, home living such as cooking, cleaning the house; social aptitudes and wellbeing and security. Social projects are likewise imperative for the person with mental impediment to increase confidence. In early adulthood, treatment is additionally guided at learning professional aptitudes to help business; contribution in the workforce enhances versatile abilities and the achievement of group living. Enthusiastic help for the family is additionally a vital piece of treatment. The workers who are professionals also need to come out of their professional area sometimes and be a ttached personally to the patient who seeks tender human sentiments in most of the time (Emerson, 2012). This kind of profession is included in some form of social service as well. The workers must keep in mind that their job profile is a generous or charitable profession not aiming at the monetary rewards and perks solely. Hence, they need to consider it as an alternative form of social service. This can be thus concluded that mentally retarded patients are very much vulnerable to external environments harsh factors. They might develop additional physical abnormalities as well that requires to be treated by medical care. The prime role in making lives of these people better is of family members who are needed to be educated accordingly. The professional workers play a vaster role addressing such problems on bigger platforms like civic society. Humanitarian qualities and an empathetic mind are the main requirements to solve riddles associated with mental health problems. References: Baroff, G. S., Olley, J. G. (2014).Mental retardation: Nature, cause, and management. Routledge. Brereton, A. V., Tonge, B. J., Einfeld, S. L. (2006). Psychopathology in children and adolescents with autism compared to young people with intellectual disability.Journal of autism and developmental disorders,36(7), 863-870. Campbell, J., Oliver, M. (2013).Disability politics: understanding our past, changing our future. Routledge. Emerson, E. (2012).Clinical psychology and people with intellectual disabilities(Vol. 97). John Wiley Sons. Fulcher, G. (2015).Disabling policies?: A comparative approach to education policy and disability. Routledge. Jerison, H. (2012).Evolution of the Brain and Intelligence. Elsevier. Macklin, R., Gaylin, W. (2013).Mental retardation and sterilization: A problem of competency and paternalism. Springer Science Business Media. Mefford, H. C., Batshaw, M. L., Hoffman, E. P. (2012). Genomics, intellectual disability, and autism.New England Journal of Medicine,366(8), 733-743. Patja, K., Iivanainen, M., Vesala, H., Oksanen, H., Ruoppila, I. (2000). Life expectancy of people with intellectual disability: a 35?year follow?up study.Journal of intellectual disability research,44(5), 591-599. Rosenberg, S., Abbeduto, L. (2013).Language and communication in mental retardation: Development, processes, and intervention. Psychology Press. Sandin, S., Nygren, K. G., Iliadou, A., Hultman, C. M., Reichenberg, A. (2013). Autism and mental retardation among offspring born after in vitro fertilization.Jama,310(1), 75-84. Shakespeare, T. (2013).Disability rights and wrongs revisited. Routledge. Strang, J. F., Kenworthy, L., Daniolos, P., Case, L., Wills, M. C., Martin, A., Wallace, G. L. (2012). Depression and anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders without intellectual disability.Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders,6(1), 406-412. Verdugo, M. A., Navas, P., Gmez, L. E., Schalock, R. L. (2012). The concept of quality of life and its role in enhancing human rights in the field of intellectual disability.Journal of Intellectual Disability Research,56(11), 1036-1045. Werner, S., Stawski, M. (2012). Mental health: Knowledge, attitudes and training of professionals on dual diagnosis of intellectual disability and psychiatric disorder.Journal of Intellectual Disability Research,56(3), 291-304. Zigler, E., Balla, D. (Eds.). (2013).Mental retardation: The developmental-difference controversy. Routledge.

Political Issues College Essay Sample

The Articles of Confederation The Articles of Confederation (also known as the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union) was the first constitutional document of the United States, adopted in 1777. However, all thirteen states ratified those Articles only in 1781. According to the Articles of Confederation, each state had the right to retain its freedom and independence. One representative from each state was chosen to create a committee, the Congress that would be responsible for army, navy, foreign relations, and declarations of war/peace. However, the Congress had no right to gather taxes and control the commerce between the states. Also, the Congress could not adopt laws. Such shortcomings were one of the first reasons for discontents between the members of the Congress. In spite of the fact that the Articles of Confederations defined the Congress as a national legislature, the states governments had more power.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Politica l Issues College specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There was a burning need for the government that would be stronger. The weakness of the republic government and its limited powers led to one more Constitutional Convention that took place in 1787, The Congress suggested revising the Articles of Confederation. First, it was suggested to make several amendments to improve the Articles of Confederation. However, the delegates realized that it would not be enough, and they started to create a new constitutional document. Today, it is known as the Constitution of the United States of America. It was signed by 39 representatives (42 were present) on September 17, 1787. On May 29, 1790, the last delegate, Rhode Island, ratified the Constitution. This document strengthened the government by providing a new system, the major purpose of which was to find a kind of balance between the federal government, each state, and people. The Theories of N ullification and Secession The theory of nullification is a legal theory according to which any U. S. State has the right to invalidate any federal law. This theory allows the U. S. State, as a sovereign Union, to nullify any law, if the state finds some law unconstitutional. According to this theory, States are the last and the most important branch that may interpret the actions of the government. Another theory that underlines the sovereignty of each U. S. State is the theory of secession. According to this very theory, the state has the right to terminate its membership within the Union. In 1799, the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions asserted the correctness of the nullification theory according to the Constitution of the United States of America. The actions of john C. Calhoun reinforced the ideas of these two theories. However, not every political figure was for the theories of nullification and secession. For example, President Jackson argued against the right of nullificati on and secession and asked the U. S. Senate to provide him with the right to use arm forces in order to execute federal laws. It was the period when a force bill was introduced. However, that step caused numerous misunderstandings from several states. The election of Abraham Lincoln played a very important role for the development of the theory of nullification and the theory of secession. During Lincoln’s first inaugural, he proclaimed against the right of nullification and referred to Jackson’s Proclamation Regarding Nullification. In 1861, the attempt to achieve the secession by means of force of arms was failed. The consequence of that attempt is also known as the American Civil War. In 2008, one American politician, John Zogby, was not afraid to mention that more than 70% of Americans knew that even if each U. S. State had the right to nullify federal laws, it was not able to become an independent state and go against the Congress. This essay on Political Issues College was written and submitted by user Colin Taylor to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.